Backup Generator Options

Power outages are an unfortunate reality, disrupting daily life and potentially causing significant inconvenience or even danger. A reliable backup generator can provide peace of mind, ensuring essential appliances and systems remain operational during grid failures. Choosing the right generator, however, requires careful consideration of your specific needs and circumstances. This comprehensive guide explores various backup generator options, helping you make an informed decision.

Understanding Your Power Needs

Before delving into the different types of generators, it’s crucial to accurately assess your power requirements. This involves identifying the appliances and systems you wish to power during an outage and calculating their wattage consumption.

Calculating Wattage Requirements

Each appliance has a wattage rating, typically found on a label on the back or bottom of the device. Some appliances, particularly those with motors (e.g., refrigerators, air conditioners, well pumps), require additional “starting watts” or “surge watts” to initiate operation. This is a brief burst of power exceeding the running wattage. It’s essential to consider the higher starting wattage when calculating your total power needs.

To determine your total wattage needs, create a list of the appliances you want to power and their respective running and starting wattage. Add up the running wattage of all appliances. Then, identify the appliance with the highest starting wattage and add the *difference* between its starting and running wattage to the running wattage total. This sum represents your estimated peak wattage requirement.

For example, let’s say you want to power a refrigerator (600 running watts, 1800 starting watts), a few lights (100 watts each, 300 watts total), and a television (150 watts). Your running wattage total is 600 + 300 + 150 = 1050 watts. The refrigerator has the highest starting wattage. The difference between its starting and running wattage is 1800 – 600 = 1200 watts. Therefore, your estimated peak wattage requirement is 1050 + 1200 = 2250 watts.

Essential vs. Non-Essential Loads

Prioritize your power needs by distinguishing between essential and non-essential loads. Essential loads include critical appliances like refrigerators, medical equipment, and heating/cooling systems. Non-essential loads are items like televisions, entertainment systems, and less vital lighting. Focus on powering essential loads first. This will significantly reduce the generator size and cost required.

Consider using energy-efficient appliances and LED lighting to minimize power consumption. This can further reduce the size and cost of the generator needed to meet your essential power needs.

Types of Backup Generators

Once you’ve determined your power needs, you can explore the different types of backup generators available:

Portable Generators

Portable generators are the most common and affordable type of backup power solution. They are self-contained units that can be easily moved from one location to another. Portable generators typically run on gasoline or propane and require manual starting.

Advantages of Portable Generators:

• Affordability: Generally the least expensive option.
• Portability: Easy to move and store.
• Versatility: Can be used for various applications, including camping, construction sites, and emergency power.

Disadvantages of Portable Generators:

• Manual Operation: Requires manual starting and refueling.
• Noise: Can be noisy during operation.
• Fuel Dependence: Requires a readily available supply of fuel.
• Extension Cords: Requires the use of extension cords to power appliances, which can be inconvenient and potentially hazardous.
• Carbon Monoxide Risk: Must be operated outdoors in a well-ventilated area to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

Choosing a Portable Generator: Consider the following factors when selecting a portable generator:

• Wattage: Ensure the generator’s wattage output meets your power needs.
• Fuel Type: Choose between gasoline or propane based on availability and preference.
• Run Time: Consider the generator’s run time on a full tank of fuel.
• Noise Level: Look for models with lower noise ratings if noise is a concern.
• Features: Some models offer features like electric start, automatic voltage regulation (AVR), and GFCI outlets.

Standby Generators

Standby generators, also known as whole-house generators, provide automatic backup power to your entire home. They are permanently installed and connected to your home’s electrical system. Standby generators typically run on natural gas or propane and automatically start within seconds of a power outage.

Advantages of Standby Generators:

• Automatic Operation: Automatically starts and provides power during an outage.
• Whole-House Power: Can power the entire home or selected circuits.
• Reliability: Provides a consistent and reliable source of backup power.
• Convenience: Requires minimal maintenance and operation.
• Fuel Efficiency: Typically more fuel-efficient than portable generators.

Disadvantages of Standby Generators:

• High Cost: Significantly more expensive than portable generators.
• Professional Installation: Requires professional installation by a qualified electrician and plumber.
• Permanent Installation: Cannot be easily moved.
• Fuel Dependence: Requires a connection to a natural gas line or a dedicated propane tank.

Choosing a Standby Generator: Consider the following factors when selecting a standby generator:

• Wattage: Ensure the generator’s wattage output meets your whole-house power needs or the needs of the circuits you want to power.
• Fuel Type: Choose between natural gas or propane based on availability and preference. Natural gas is generally cheaper, but propane offers more flexibility in areas without natural gas access.
• Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS): Ensures a seamless transition to backup power during an outage.
• Features: Some models offer features like remote monitoring, exercise schedules, and weather-resistant enclosures.

Inverter Generators

Inverter generators produce clean, stable AC power, making them ideal for powering sensitive electronics like computers, smartphones, and medical devices. They use a multi-step process to convert AC power to DC power and then back to AC power, resulting in a more consistent and pure sine wave output.

Advantages of Inverter Generators:

• Clean Power: Produces stable and clean AC power, safe for sensitive electronics.
• Quiet Operation: Typically quieter than traditional portable generators.
• Fuel Efficiency: Often more fuel-efficient than traditional portable generators, especially at partial loads.
• Lightweight and Portable: Often lighter and more compact than traditional portable generators.

Disadvantages of Inverter Generators:

• Lower Power Output: Generally have lower power output than traditional portable generators.
• Higher Cost: Typically more expensive than traditional portable generators with similar wattage output.

Choosing an Inverter Generator: Consider the following factors when selecting an inverter generator:

• Wattage: Ensure the generator’s wattage output meets the power needs of your sensitive electronics.
• Total Harmonic Distortion (THD): Look for models with low THD (typically less than 3%) for optimal performance with sensitive electronics.
• Parallel Capability: Some models can be connected in parallel to increase power output.
• Features: Some models offer features like USB ports, digital displays, and remote start.

Fuel Options for Generators

The choice of fuel is a significant factor when selecting a backup generator. The most common fuel options include gasoline, propane, and natural gas.

Gasoline Generators

Gasoline generators are the most common and widely available type of generator. They are relatively inexpensive and easy to refuel. However, gasoline has a limited shelf life and can become stale over time. It also presents a flammability hazard and requires careful storage.

Advantages of Gasoline Generators:

• Availability: Gasoline is readily available at most gas stations.
• Affordability: Gasoline generators are generally less expensive than propane or natural gas generators.

Disadvantages of Gasoline Generators:

• Limited Shelf Life: Gasoline can become stale after a few months, requiring the use of fuel stabilizers.
• Flammability: Gasoline is highly flammable and requires careful handling and storage.
• Emissions: Gasoline generators produce higher emissions than propane or natural gas generators.
• Starting Difficulties: Can be harder to start in cold weather.

Considerations for Gasoline Generators:

• Use fresh gasoline and add a fuel stabilizer to extend its shelf life.
• Store gasoline in approved containers in a well-ventilated area away from heat sources.
• Never refuel a gasoline generator while it is running or hot.

Propane Generators

Propane generators offer several advantages over gasoline generators. Propane has a longer shelf life, burns cleaner, and is less flammable. Propane generators can be fueled by portable tanks or connected to a larger propane tank for extended run times. However, propane tanks require space and can be more expensive than gasoline.

Advantages of Propane Generators:

• Long Shelf Life: Propane has an indefinite shelf life.
• Clean Burning: Propane burns cleaner than gasoline, producing lower emissions.
• Safer: Propane is less flammable than gasoline.
• Easy Starting: Propane generators typically start easily in cold weather.

Disadvantages of Propane Generators:

• Tank Storage: Requires storage of propane tanks.
• Lower Energy Density: Propane has lower energy density than gasoline, requiring more fuel to produce the same amount of power.
• Potential Freezing: Propane tanks can freeze in extremely cold weather, affecting generator performance.

Considerations for Propane Generators:

• Store propane tanks in a safe and well-ventilated area.
• Use a propane tank with sufficient capacity to meet your anticipated run time.
• Consider using a tank heater in extremely cold weather to prevent freezing.

Natural Gas Generators

Natural gas generators offer the convenience of a continuous fuel supply, eliminating the need for refueling. They are typically connected to your home’s natural gas line, providing a reliable and uninterrupted source of power. Natural gas is generally cheaper than gasoline or propane, but requires access to a natural gas line.

Advantages of Natural Gas Generators:

• Continuous Fuel Supply: Eliminates the need for refueling.
• Lower Cost: Natural gas is generally cheaper than gasoline or propane.
• Convenience: Provides a continuous and reliable source of power.

Disadvantages of Natural Gas Generators:

• Natural Gas Line Required: Requires access to a natural gas line.
• Lower Energy Density: Natural gas has a lower energy density than gasoline or propane, requiring more fuel to produce the same amount of power.
• Potential Interruptions: Natural gas service can be interrupted during severe weather events.

Considerations for Natural Gas Generators:

• Ensure your natural gas line has sufficient capacity to supply the generator.
• Consider installing a backup propane tank in case of natural gas service interruptions.

Generator Safety Tips

Operating a backup generator safely is paramount to protect yourself and your family from potential hazards.

Carbon Monoxide Safety

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and deadly gas produced by generators. Never operate a generator indoors, in a garage, or near windows or doors. Always operate the generator outdoors in a well-ventilated area, away from your home and other buildings. Install carbon monoxide detectors in your home and check them regularly to ensure they are functioning properly.

Electrical Safety

Use heavy-duty extension cords that are properly rated for the generator’s output. Avoid overloading circuits or using multiple extension cords connected together. Inspect extension cords for damage before each use. Never plug a generator directly into a wall outlet, as this can backfeed electricity into the power grid and create a dangerous situation for utility workers.

Fuel Safety

Store fuel in approved containers in a well-ventilated area away from heat sources and open flames. Never refuel a generator while it is running or hot. Allow the generator to cool down completely before refueling. Clean up any fuel spills immediately.

Maintenance Safety

Follow the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance schedule for your generator. Regularly check the oil level, air filter, and spark plugs. Keep the generator clean and free of debris. Consult a qualified technician for any repairs or maintenance beyond your capabilities.

Generator Maintenance

Proper maintenance is crucial for ensuring the longevity and reliability of your backup generator.

Regular Inspections

Inspect your generator regularly for any signs of damage or wear. Check the fuel lines, oil level, air filter, and spark plugs. Look for leaks or corrosion. Address any issues promptly to prevent further damage.

Oil Changes

Change the oil according to the manufacturer’s recommended schedule. Use the correct type and grade of oil. Regular oil changes help to keep the engine running smoothly and prevent wear.

Air Filter Cleaning or Replacement

Clean or replace the air filter regularly. A dirty air filter can restrict airflow to the engine and reduce performance. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning or replacing the air filter.

Spark Plug Replacement

Replace the spark plugs according to the manufacturer’s recommended schedule. Worn spark plugs can cause starting difficulties and reduced performance.

Fuel System Maintenance

For gasoline generators, drain the fuel tank and carburetor before storing the generator for extended periods. This will prevent fuel from becoming stale and damaging the fuel system. For propane generators, inspect the propane tank and regulator for leaks. For natural gas generators, have the gas line inspected periodically by a qualified technician.

Exercise the Generator

Run your generator periodically, even when there is no power outage. This helps to keep the engine lubricated and prevents fuel system problems. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for exercising the generator.

Installation Considerations for Standby Generators

Installing a standby generator requires careful planning and adherence to local codes and regulations. Professional installation is highly recommended to ensure safety and proper operation.

Permitting and Inspections

Obtain the necessary permits from your local building department before installing a standby generator. Schedule inspections to ensure that the installation meets all applicable codes and regulations.

Location

Choose a suitable location for the generator that is away from windows, doors, and vents. The location should be well-ventilated and accessible for maintenance. Consider the noise level and potential impact on neighbors.

Electrical Connection

A qualified electrician should connect the generator to your home’s electrical system using an automatic transfer switch (ATS). The ATS ensures a seamless transition to backup power during an outage and prevents backfeeding electricity into the power grid.

Fuel Connection

A qualified plumber should connect the generator to your natural gas line or propane tank. Ensure that the fuel line is properly sized and installed to meet the generator’s fuel requirements.

Grounding

Proper grounding is essential for electrical safety. Ensure that the generator is properly grounded according to local codes and regulations.

Cost Considerations

The cost of a backup generator varies depending on the type, size, features, and installation requirements. Consider all costs when budgeting for a backup generator system.

Generator Purchase Price

The purchase price of the generator is the most significant cost. Portable generators are generally the least expensive, while standby generators are the most expensive. Inverter generators typically fall in between.

Installation Costs

Installation costs can vary depending on the complexity of the installation. Standby generators require professional installation by a qualified electrician and plumber, which can add significantly to the overall cost.

Fuel Costs

Fuel costs will depend on the type of fuel used and the frequency and duration of power outages. Natural gas is generally the cheapest fuel option, while gasoline and propane can be more expensive.

Maintenance Costs

Maintenance costs include the cost of oil changes, air filter replacements, spark plug replacements, and other routine maintenance tasks. Factor in these costs when budgeting for a backup generator system.

Permitting and Inspection Fees

Permitting and inspection fees can add to the overall cost of a standby generator installation. Check with your local building department for specific fees.

Choosing the Right Generator for Your Needs

Selecting the right backup generator requires careful consideration of your specific needs and circumstances. Consider the following factors when making your decision:

Power Requirements

Accurately assess your power needs by calculating the wattage consumption of the appliances and systems you wish to power during an outage. Prioritize essential loads and consider using energy-efficient appliances to minimize power consumption.

Budget

Determine your budget for a backup generator system, including the purchase price, installation costs, fuel costs, and maintenance costs. Balance your needs with your budget to find the best value.

Fuel Availability

Consider the availability and cost of different fuel options in your area. Choose a fuel type that is readily available and affordable.

Convenience

Consider the convenience of different generator types. Standby generators offer the most convenience with automatic operation, while portable generators require manual starting and refueling.

Noise Level

Consider the noise level of the generator, especially if you live in a residential area. Inverter generators are generally quieter than traditional portable generators.

Portability

Consider the portability of the generator if you need to move it from one location to another. Portable generators are designed for easy portability, while standby generators are permanently installed.

Safety

Prioritize safety when selecting a backup generator. Choose a model with safety features like carbon monoxide detectors and automatic shut-off mechanisms.

Conclusion

Investing in a backup generator can provide peace of mind and ensure that your essential appliances and systems remain operational during power outages. By carefully assessing your power needs, considering the different types of generators and fuel options, and prioritizing safety, you can choose the right generator to meet your specific requirements. Remember to factor in installation and maintenance costs to accurately estimate the total investment. With the right backup generator in place, you can weather any power outage with confidence.